Chapter 3 - ICT (Information Commmunication Technology - Part I
Chapter 3: ICT (Information and Communication Technology) – Part I
1. Role and Importance of ICT
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to technologies that provide access to information and facilitate communication. It includes the internet, wireless networks, mobile phones, and other communication mediums.
Importance in Different Fields:
a. Education
ICT has revolutionized education through the use of smartboards, e-learning platforms, YouTube tutorials, and online courses (like BYJU'S, Khan Academy). It greatly aids in distance learning and interactive education.
Example: The NCERT ePathshala app provides access to digital textbooks and educational resources.
b. Virtual Classroom
Virtual classrooms enable real-time teaching and learning using tools like Google Meet, Zoom, or Microsoft Teams. Students and teachers can interact seamlessly from remote locations, making education accessible regardless of geographical barriers.
c. Video Conferencing
Widely used for webinars, group discussions, and interviews, video conferencing tools save significant travel time and costs for businesses and individuals alike.
Example: Popular platforms include Zoom and Google Meet.
d. Online Examination
Online examinations are conducted through platforms like CBSE DigiLocker, Google Forms, or advanced proctored systems. This method saves paper, offers quick result processing, and provides a secure environment for assessments.
2. ICT Tools
| ICT Tool | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Phone | Used for communication, internet access, and various applications. | Calling, WhatsApp |
| Tablet | Portable device ideal for reading, writing, and learning. | eBooks, videos |
| Radio | Used for mass audio communication and education. | All India Radio |
| Television | Used for visual learning, news broadcasting, and entertainment. | DD National, Educational TV |
| Electronic mail used to send messages and files over the internet. | Gmail, Yahoo Mail |
3. What is a Mobile App?
Definition: A mobile app is a software application designed to run on a smartphone or tablet.
Common Mobile Apps:
| App Name | Function |
|---|---|
| Phone | Make/receive calls |
| Messages | Send/receive SMS |
| Access mail accounts | |
| Calendar | Track dates/events |
| Clock | Alarm, stopwatch, time zones |
| Photos | View/store images |
| Maps | Navigation and location tracking |
| Web Browser | Access websites (Chrome, Safari) |
| Music | Listen to songs (Spotify, JioSaavn) |
| Camera | Click and record photos/videos |
4. Internet and IT Applications
Internet:
A global network that connects millions of computers, enabling worldwide information exchange and communication.
IT Applications:
- E-Governance: Online services provided by the government, making public services accessible and efficient. Examples include Aadhaar and PAN applications.
- Online Shopping: Platforms that allow users to purchase products and services over the internet, offering convenience and a wide selection. Examples: Amazon, Flipkart.
- Banking: Digital services that enable users to manage their bank accounts, transfer funds, and pay bills online. Examples: Net banking, UPI apps.
- Education: Online courses, virtual classes, and test preparation apps that facilitate learning and skill development from anywhere.
6. Computer
Definition: A computer is an electronic machine that processes data to produce useful output.
- It comprises both hardware (physical components) and software (programs and operating systems).
- It operates on an input, process, output model, where data is received, manipulated, and then presented as meaningful information.
- Examples include Desktop computers and Laptops.
7. CPU – Central Processing Unit
The CPU, often called the "brain" of the computer, performs most of the processing inside the computer.
Functional Units:
| Unit | Function |
|---|---|
| ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) | Performs all arithmetic (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical operations (comparisons). |
| Control Unit | Manages and coordinates the flow of data and instructions within the computer system. |
| Memory Unit | Temporarily stores data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. |
8. Components of a Computer System
Input Devices:
- Keyboard: Used to type text and commands into the computer.
- Mouse: A pointing device used to control an on-screen cursor and select items.
- Joystick: Primarily used for gaming, allowing directional input.
- Scanner: Converts physical documents or images into digital files.
- Optical Mark Reader (OMR): Reads pre-marked data, commonly used in competitive exams.
- MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader): Used by banks to read information on cheques printed with magnetic ink.
- Light Pen: Allows users to draw directly on a computer screen.
- Barcode Reader: Scans and decodes barcodes to identify products.
- Microphone: Captures audio input, such as voice.
- Digital Camera: Captures still images and videos in digital format.
- Web Camera: Used for live video input, often for video conferencing.
Output Devices (examples):
- Monitor: Displays visual output from the computer.
- Printer: Produces hard copies of digital documents.
- Speakers: Produce audio output.
9. Memory & Storage Devices
Memory Types:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Memory | Temporary and fast storage, directly accessible by the CPU. | RAM, ROM |
| Secondary Storage | Permanent storage for long-term data retention, slower than primary. | Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive |
| Tertiary/Backup Storage | Used for backing up data and archiving. | Cloud storage, External HDD |
Examples:
- RAM (Random Access Memory): Acts as the computer's temporary working memory, storing data and programs currently in use.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Stores essential startup programs and firmware that do not change.
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid State Drive (SSD): Primary long-term storage for the operating system, software applications, and user files.
- Pen Drive/CD/DVD/Memory Card: Portable storage devices used for transferring and backing up files.
- Cloud Storage: Online storage solutions like Google Drive and Dropbox that allow access to data from any internet-connected device.
Q & A
🟦 A. One-Word/Fill in the Blanks/Dash-Type Questions
-
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology.
True
-
A device used for scanning printed documents: Scanner.
True
-
WhatsApp is an example of a ____________ app.
Messaging
-
ALU stands for → Arithmetic Logic Unit
True
-
CPU is also known as the ____________ of the computer.
Brain
-
____________ is used for short text-based messages in social media.
Twitter
-
A portable storage device is called → Pen Drive
True
-
____________ memory stores data temporarily.
RAM
-
The unit that controls all operations of the computer is the ____________.
Control Unit
-
Gmail is an example of ____________ service.
Email
🟦 B. Short Answer Type Questions
- What is ICT?
- Give two examples of ICT tools.
- What is the full form of CPU?
- Name any two input devices.
- What is the function of ALU?
- Mention two uses of the Internet in daily life.
- What is e-mail?
- Name any two mobile apps used for communication.
- What does MICR stand for?
- What is the use of OMR?
🟦 C. Explanation Type Questions
- Explain the role of ICT in education.
- What is a virtual classroom?
- Describe any three input devices.
- Explain the three main components of CPU.
- What are mobile apps? Give examples.
- Explain the importance of social media in communication.
- Differentiate between RAM and ROM.
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